What is the primary focus of Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA)?
Traditional journal publishing
Open access journal and book publishing
Paid access publishing
Commercial publishing strategies
Answer: (B) Open access journal and book publishing
Description:
The Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA) is a non-profit trade association that primarily focuses on advancing open access (OA) publishing. OASPA works to support and promote the publication of scholarly journals and books that are freely accessible to everyone. Open access publishing allows research to be shared without the barriers of subscription fees, making academic content widely accessible to researchers, students, and the public. OASPA’s role is crucial in ensuring that both journals and books published under the OA model meet high-quality standards and promote scholarly communication across disciplines. This mission aligns with the global push toward open and accessible scientific knowledge.
30Dec 2024
Which of the following citation metrics is used by Scopus to evaluate journals?
CiteScore, introduced by Scopus in 2016, is a citation metric that calculates journal impact based on citations in the past four years, unlike the Journal Impact Factor, which is based on the previous two years.
29Dec 2024
What does the h5-index metric calculate for a journal?
The overall quality of a journal
The number of citations in the last five years
The h-index of articles published in the last five years
The publication frequency of articles in a journal
Answer: (C) The h-index of articles published in the last five years
Description:
The h5-index, calculated by Google Scholar, is based on the h-index of articles published in a journal in the past five years, reflecting its recent impact.
28Dec 2024
Which of the following is a disadvantage of DRM in eBooks?
Protects the rights of authors and publishers
Limits the number of devices for access
Prevents piracy and illegal distribution
Enhances the eBook reading experience
Answer: (B) Limits the number of devices for access
Description:
DRM Limits the user's ability to share or transfer the eBook to different devices or platforms. It may inconvenience legitimate buyers by imposing restrictions on usage.It can make eBooks less accessible in the future if the platform or DRM system becomes obsolete.
27Dec 2024
What is the "Diamond Open Access" model?
A subscription-based access with high fees for readers
A model where articles are made freely available with no APCs
A hybrid model combining paywalled and open access articles
A journal model that charges authors a lower APC fee
Answer: (B) A model where articles are made freely available with no APCs
Description:
Diamond open access journals publish articles for free without charging authors any APCs. They make all content freely available to readers, and the funding typically comes from alternative sources such as institutional support or grants.
26Dec 2024
What does "Agentic AI" refer to?
A type of AI that combines different techniques to empower autonomous agents
Artificial intelligence used only in robotics
AI that only generates content like text or images
Basic automation without learning capabilities
Answer: (A) A type of AI that combines different techniques to empower autonomous agents
Description:
Agentic AI is action-oriented and empowers autonomous agents to analyze situations, set goals, and take actions to achieve them, often with minimal human supervision.
25Dec 2024
What is the term for "The Study of Signs and Symbols as Carriers of Information"?
Semiotics
Cybernetics
Connotation
Biosemiotics
Answer: (A) Semiotics
Description:
Semiotics is the study of signs, symbols, and how they are used to communicate meaning. It explores how meaning is created and understood through various forms of representation, such as language, images, gestures, and objects.
24Dec 2024
What happens during the desk review phase of the peer review process?
The manuscript is published immediately if it meets submission guidelines.
Authors are required to submit revisions based on initial feedback.
The editor assesses the manuscript’s relevance, originality, and compliance with guidelines.
The manuscript is reviewed by two or three external experts.
Answer: (C) The editor assesses the manuscript’s relevance, originality, and compliance with guidelines.
Description:
Explanation: During the desk review, the editor evaluates the manuscript for relevance, originality, and adherence to journal guidelines before deciding whether to send it for peer review.
23Dec 2024
What does the acronym "SCImago" stand for?
Scientific Influence of Global Authors
Scientific Impact of Global Organizations
Scientific Influence
Scientific Interactions of Methods and Applications
Answer: (C) Scientific Influence
Description:
Explanation: SCImago is not an acronym in the traditional sense, but the first three letters, "SCI," stand for "Scientific Influence." The suffix "mago" is randomly chosen.
22Dec 2024
Which free software license is known for being one of the most widely used open-source licenses, with a requirement for derivative works to be distributed under the same terms?
MIT License
BSD License
GNU General Public License (GPL)
Mozilla Public License
Answer: (C) GNU General Public License (GPL)
Description:
Explanation: The GNU General Public License (GPL) is widely used and requires that derivative works be distributed under the same GPL license, ensuring the work remains free.
21Dec 2024
Which of the following best describes the relationship between metadata and data in the FAIR principles?
Metadata are optional and do not need to follow FAIR principles.
Metadata must describe the data and be machine-readable for discovery.
Metadata are separate from data and are not linked.
Metadata should be stored in a proprietary format.
Answer: (B) Metadata must describe the data and be machine-readable for discovery.
Description:
Explanation: The FAIR principles emphasize that metadata should describe the data and be machine-readable to ensure the data can be easily found and understood by both humans and computers..
20Dec 2024
What does the g-index measure?
Number of publications
Average citations per article
Citation impact of top publications
Total number of researchers
Answer: (C) Citation impact of top publications
Description:
Explanation: The g-index measures the overall citation impact of a researcher’s most cited publications, providing a better representation of influence compared to simpler metrics like the h-index.
Index Details
Index
What It Measures
How It’s Calculated
Key Feature
g-index
Citation impact of top publications.
Largest g such that the top g articles have at least g² citations collectively.
Accounts for highly cited works, often higher than the h-index.
Example:
A researcher has the following citation counts for their top 5 articles:
Article 1: 30 citations
Article 2: 20 citations
Article 3: 10 citations
Article 4: 5 citations
Article 5: 2 citations
The cumulative citations are: 30, 50, 60, 65, and 67. The largest g such that the cumulative citations are at least g² is g = 5, because 5² = 25 and the top 5 articles collectively have 67 citations. Thus, the g-index is 5.
19Dec 2024
What is a citation cartel?
A group of authors who write the same paper
A group of authors who collaborate on academic research
A group of authors who collude to cite each other's work to inflate citation counts
A group of authors who avoid citing each other’s work
Answer: (C) A group of authors who collude to cite each other's work to inflate citation counts
Description:
A citation cartel is an unethical practice in academic research where a group of authors agrees to cite each other's publications excessively, often without relevance to the cited work. This practice is done with the goal of artificially increasing their citation counts, which can improve their perceived academic impact and reputation. Citation cartels undermine the integrity of academic publishing and distort the true measure of a researcher's influence.
18Dec 2024
What is the frequency of stock verification for a library having above 50,000 volumes according to GFR rules 2017 in India?
100% verification annually
100% verification every 3 years, with annual verification of at least 20%.
50% verification every 2 years
10% verification every year, ensuring complete verification every 10 years
Answer: (D) 10% verification every year, ensuring complete verification every 10 years
Description:
The frequency of stock verification is prescribed based on the size of the library:
(i) Up to 20,000 volumes: 100% verification every year.
(ii) 20,000 to 50,000 volumes: 100% verification every 3 years, with annual verification of at least 20%.
(iii) Above 50,000 volumes: 10% verification every year, ensuring complete verification every 10 years.
17Dec 2024
Which of the following describes the main function of a credit note?
To document a completed payment
To track journal deliveries
To reduce the amount owed by the subscriber
To request additional payment from the subscriber
Answer: (C) To reduce the amount owed by the subscriber
Description:
The primary purpose of a credit note is to reduce the subscriber's owed amount or provide credit for future use. It is a financial document issued to credit the subscriber's account, often as compensation, adjustment, or refund.
16Dec 2024
What is the Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) under GST in India?
A system where the recipient of goods or services pays the GST instead of the supplier
A system where the supplier pays the GST and claims a refund from the recipient
A system applicable only to the sale of physical goods
A system where no GST is charged on international transactions
Answer: (A) A system where the recipient of goods or services pays the GST instead of the supplier
Description:
Under the Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM), the responsibility for paying GST shifts from the supplier to the recipient of goods or services. This mechanism typically applies in cases such as:
When goods or services are procured from an unregistered supplier by a registered recipient.
Import of services, including subscriptions to eBooks, eJournals, or databases from international platforms, where the recipient is required to pay GST directly to the government.
This ensures tax compliance and streamlines tax collection in specific scenarios.
15Dec 2024
Which company was acquired by Sage on December 13, 2024?
Wiley
Springer Nature
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Elsevier
Answer: (C) Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Description:
Sage acquired Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., a global media company specializing in biotechnology, life sciences, and medical publishing. Journals will continue to be published under the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. name, and Sage will begin publishing a segment of Sage's life sciences and medical journals under the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. imprint.
14Dec 2024
What is one key difference between CiteScore and JCR impact factor?
CiteScore is only available to subscribers, while JCR is freely accessible
CiteScore uses data from Scopus, while JCR uses Web of Science
JCR only evaluates journal articles, whereas CiteScore includes other types of publications
CiteScore is more expensive to access
Answer: (B) CiteScore uses data from Scopus, while JCR uses Web of Science
Description:
One major difference between CiteScore and JCR is that CiteScore uses Scopus data, while JCR is based on the Web of Science database. This difference can impact the citation counts and scope of journals evaluated.
13Dec 2024
Who produces the CiteScore metric?
Clarivate
Springer
Elsevier
Scopus
Answer: (C) Elsevier
Description:
CiteScore is produced by Elsevier and is based on citations recorded in the Scopus database. It was introduced as an alternative to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact factor.
12Dec 2024
What is required for a patron to access Hoopla's digital media collection?
A valid library card from a participating library
A subscription purchased directly from Hoopla
A membership in an online book club
A one-time access fee
Answer: (A) A valid library card from a participating library
Description:
Hoopla provides free access to its digital media collection for patrons who have a library card from a library that partners with Hoopla. This ensures equitable access while allowing libraries to manage costs through a pay-per-use model
11Dec 2024
What type of content is Springer Nature particularly focused on publishing?
Fiction and non-fiction books
Scientific, technical, and medical (STM) content
Political commentary
Educational resources for primary schools
Answer: (B)Scientific, technical, and medical (STM) content
Description:
Springer Nature focuses on publishing scientific, technical, and medical content, including academic journals, books, and research materials in various STEM fields.
10Dec 2024
What is AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS)?
AI technologies provided to users via on-premise hardware
Outsourced AI services delivered through cloud computing platforms
AI models that require users to build their own infrastructure
AI solutions solely used for image recognition tasks
Answer: (B) Outsourced AI services delivered through cloud computing platforms
Description:
AIaaS provides businesses with access to AI tools, models, and resources through cloud computing, without needing to invest in their own infrastructure.
09Dec 2024
What type of content is excluded from plagiarism checks?
Generic terms, laws , standard symbols, and standard equations Data from personal research Sentences directly copied from books (T5) Quotes from academic articles
Answer: (A) Generic terms, laws , standard symbols, and standard equations
Description:
These elements are considered common knowledge and do not require original attribution. They are widely recognized and used in academic and professional contexts, and thus, are typically excluded from plagiarism checks.
08Dec 2024
What advancement did Google introduce in 2019 to improve natural language search?
Ask Jeeves START system Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) BERT
Answer: (D) BERT
Description:
BERT significantly enhanced Google’s ability to interpret the context and nuance of search queries.
07Dec 2024
Which of the following is not an example of a use case for natural language search?
Voice assistants like Siri or Alexa. Predictive text suggestions in ecommerce. Keyword-based file searching in local drives. Conversational AI chatbots for customer service.
Answer: (C) Keyword-based file searching in local drives
Description:
NLS focuses on conversational and intuitive queries, unlike traditional keyword-based search methods.
06Dec 2024
What type of content is excluded from plagiarism checks?
Generic terms, laws, standard symbols, and standard equations Data from personal research Sentences directly copied from books Quotes from academic articles
Answer: (A) Generic terms, laws, standard symbols, and standard equations.
Description:
These are considered standard knowledge and are excluded from plagiarism checks as they are widely recognized and do not require original attribution.
05Dec 2024
What does the Meta Title do?
Describes the page’s content Changes the page layout Shows the title in search results and browser tab Adds keywords to the page
Answer: (C) Shows the title in search results and browser tab
Description:
The Meta Title is used by search engines and browsers to display the title of the page. It appears as a clickable headline in search results and in the tab of the browser, helping both users and search engines understand the page’s topic.
04Dec 2024
What is a key characteristic of a federated search engine compared to a traditional search engine?
It queries live, disparate databases instead of relying on a pre-built index. It stores all the indexed data in a central repository. It only works for academic research purposes. It is faster than traditional search engines due to its architecture.
Answer: (A) It queries live, disparate databases instead of relying on a pre-built index.
Description:
Unlike traditional search engines, federated search engines retrieve data directly from various live data sources at the time of the query, without storing it centrally.
03Dec 2024
Which of the following best describes the function of a "Metadata Harvester" in the context of digital libraries and automated information systems?
It manages the financial resources and budget allocation for library operations. It aggregates metadata from multiple digital repositories, creating a centralized catalog of information. It automates the process of barcode scanning for physical library materials. It monitors and reports the usage statistics of digital resources such as e-books and journals.
Answer: (B) It aggregates metadata from multiple digital repositories, creating a centralized catalog of information.
Description:
Metadata Harvester is a tool or system used in digital libraries and automated systems that collects and compiles metadata—structured data about resources—across various digital repositories, databases, and systems. This process helps to create a unified, searchable catalog that provides users with easy access to a wide range of digital content. For example, a Metadata Harvester may pull metadata from a library's catalog, an institutional repository, and external databases like PubMed or Google Scholar, integrating the data into a single, comprehensive resource. This facilitates improved discoverability and management of digital assets.
02Dec 2024
What is double-blind peer review?
Both reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identities. Reviewers know the author’s identities, but authors do not know about the reviewers. Editors know the author’s identities, but reviewers do not know about the authors. Editors do not know about both reviewer and authors.
Answer: (A) Both reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identities.
Description:
In a double-blind peer review, both the authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other. This ensures impartiality and reduces bias in the evaluation process. Editors may know the identities of both parties, but the core principle of double-blind review is the mutual anonymity between authors and reviewers.
01Dec 2024
Which of the following platforms is specifically used to search for open access policies of journals?
SHERPA Juliet DOAJ OpenDOAR SHERPA Romeo
Answer: (D) SHERPA Romeo
Description:
SHERPA Romeo is a platform that provides detailed information on the open access policies of journals, focusing on copyright and archiving policies. It helps researchers determine the self-archiving rights granted by journals, ensuring compliance with open access mandates. This tool is essential for managing scholarly publishing requirements.
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