LibCognizance

Daily Important LIS Question - November 2024

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30 Nov 2024

What does OAI-PMH stand for?

Open Access Initiative Protocol for Metadata Handling Open Archives Infrastructure for Metadata Hosting Open Access Information for Metadata Hierarch Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting

Answer: (D) Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting

Description:

OAI-PMH stands for Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, a standard protocol designed to facilitate metadata sharing between systems.

29 Nov 2024

When was the latest version, Koha 24.05 (stable version), announced?

May 28, 2024 May 13, 2024 April 8, 2024 November 10, 2024

Answer: (A) May 28, 2024

Description:

Koha 24.05 was announced on May 28, 2024, as a major release featuring new updates, enhancements, and bug fixes.

28 Nov 2024

What is a data deluge?

A type of data used for artificial intelligence applications. The inability to store data due to lack of hard drive space. A scenario where more data is generated than can be managed effectively. A situation where data processing systems outperform expectations.

Answer: (C) A scenario where more data is generated than can be managed effectively.

Description:

A data deluge is a scenario where more data is generated than can be successfully and efficiently managed or capped. This results in missed chances to analyze and interpret data to make informed decisions as well as build a new framework for both practical and conceptual understandings.

27 Nov 2024

Which is a long-term goal aligned with One Nation One Subscription Scheme (ONOS)?

Viksit Bharat@2047 National Knowledge Network Digital India NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning)

Answer: (A) Viksit Bharat@2047

Description:

One Nation One Subscription Scheme (ONOS) contributes to India’s goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047, aligning with the vision of Viksit Bharat.

26 Nov 2024

What is "Jasper Casper," also known as Koha-Jasper?

A book cataloging tool A report capturing utility A library self-checkout system An RFID integration module

Answer: (B) A report capturing utility

Description:

Jasper Casper (Koha-Jasper) is a tool for capturing reports from Koha or other software outputting CSV data, allowing users to design and process reports easily.

25 Nov 2024

What is the relationship between MARC, MARCXML, MODS, and MADS?

They are all alternatives to each other MARCXML, MODS, and MADS are improvements on MARC for modern use MODS and MADS are subsets of MARCXML MARC and MADS are subsets of MODS

Answer: (B) MARCXML, MODS, and MADS are improvements on MARC for modern use

Description:

Feature/Aspect	MARC	MARCXML	MODS	MADS
Full Name	Machine-Readable Cataloging	MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) in XML	Metadata Object Description Schema	Metadata Authority Description Schema
Format	Binary or text format	XML-based format	XML-based format	XML-based format
Purpose	Standard format for bibliographic data	XML representation of MARC data	Rich bibliographic metadata, primarily for libraries	Authority records for names, subjects, and other entities
Data Model	Record-based model with fields and subfields	XML structure based on MARC data model	Element-based schema for descriptive metadata	Element-based schema for authority metadata
Use Case	Library cataloging (books, journals, etc.)	Library cataloging, especially for XML integration	Descriptive metadata for a wide range of resources	Standardized authority data for library systems
Scope	Bibliographic data	Same as MARC but in XML format	Descriptive metadata for bibliographic objects	Authority records for subjects, creators, etc.
Structure	Fields (e.g., 245 for Title, 100 for Author)	Same as MARC but encoded in XML tags	Elements (e.g., <titleInfo>, <name>, <subject>)	Elements (e.g., <authoritativeEntry>, <variantName>)
Metadata Elements	Limited to predefined fields (e.g., 245, 100)	Same as MARC but with XML tags and attributes	Flexible elements for titles, authors, subjects, etc.	Authority data like names, subjects, identifiers
Interoperability	Supported by most library systems	Supports systems that accept XML	Interoperable with systems using MODS	Works with MODS for authority control
Key Advantage	Standard for bibliographic data exchange	XML-based version of MARC	More flexible, modern metadata standard	Specialized for managing authority data
Relationship to MARC	Base format	XML version of MARC	Derived from MARC but more flexible and extensible	Derived from MARC, but focused on authority records
Machine Readability	High	High (XML is easily parsed)	High (XML is easily parsed)	High (XML is easily parsed)

24 Nov 2024

What kind of information can ONIX for Books store about a book?

Book reviews Text, layout, and graphics Descriptive metadata Author biographies

Answer: (C) Descriptive metadata

Description:

ONIX for Books is an XML standard for managing and exchanging bibliographic metadata about both traditional books and eBooks. It is widely used in the publishing industry to share rich metadata, including details on book titles, authors, pricing, and more between publishers, retailers, and distributors. ONIX for Books stores descriptive metadata about books, such as title, author, publisher, pricing, and more . This data helps publishers, retailers, and distributors to manage and share information about their books efficiently, but it does not include the actual content, text, or graphics of the book.

23 Nov 2024

What technology does OCLC use for library community engagement?

Virtual reality Capira Technologies mobile apps Social media platforms Smart speaker devices

Answer: (B) Capira Technologies mobile apps

Description:

OCLC purchased Capira Technologies to offer customizable mobile apps for libraries. These apps improve user experience with features like digital library cards, self-checkout, and curbside delivery, helping libraries stay connected with their communities, especially during the pandemic.

22 Nov 2024

What is copyleft in the context of software licensing?

A license that allows software to be sold with no restrictions A license that makes software non-commercial. A license that prohibits the redistribution of software. A license that mandates derivative works to be licensed under the same terms.

Answer: (D) A license that mandates derivative works to be licensed under the same terms.

Description:

Copyleft is a type of free software license that requires derivative works to be licensed under the same terms, ensuring that the software remains free.

21 Nov 2024

Which of the following types of PURLs (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator) is used to redirect to additional metadata about a resource?

200 PURL 302 PURL 303 PURL 404 PURL

Answer: (C) 303 PURL

Description:

A 303 PURL uses the HTTP status code 303, meaning "See Other." It is typically used to redirect to additional metadata about a resource, particularly useful in the context of the Semantic Web or linked data.

20 Nov 2024

What is the main goal of prompt engineering?

To improve the hardware of AI systems To generate more relevant, accurate, and useful outputs from AI To train the AI model To create AI systems that can generate images

Answer: (B) To generate more relevant, accurate, and useful outputs from AI

Description:

The primary goal of prompt engineering is to craft inputs (prompts) in a way that maximizes the quality and relevance of the responses generated by AI models. Clear and specific prompts help guide the AI to produce better outputs.

19 Nov 2024

In the 2024 ShanghaiRanking’s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects (GRAS), what rank did the Library & Information Science subject at City University of Hong Kong achieve?

First place Ninth place Fifth place Seventeenth place

Answer: (A) First Place

Description:

Library & Information Science at CityUHK was ranked 1st globally in the 2024 ShanghaiRanking’s GRAS. This ranking highlights the university's strong performance, bolstered by interdisciplinary research, particularly in related fields like computer science, information systems, and data science, which contribute to its world-leading status. https://www.shanghairanking.com/news/gras/2024

18 Nov 2024

Which of the following is NOT a type of Persistent Identifier?

DOI ISBN HTTP URL ORCID

Answer: (C) HTTP URL

Description:

The HTTP URL is not a type of Persistent Identifier. While HTTP URLs are commonly used for referencing web pages, they may become inactive over time, unlike persistent identifiers (e.g., DOI, ISBN, ORCID), which are designed to remain accessible and provide long-term references.

17 Nov 2024

What does the term "smart contract" refer to in blockchain technology

A legally binding contract executed in a court of law A digital wallet that stores cryptocurrency Self-executing contracts where the terms are written in code A feature used to increase the speed of transactions

Answer: (C) Self-executing contracts where the terms are written in code

Description:

A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes the terms of an agreement once predefined conditions are met. These contracts run on blockchain platforms like Ethereum and eliminate the need for intermediaries.

16 Nov 2024

What is a potential disadvantage of using controlled vocabularies in information retrieval?

They always increase search recall They may become outdated in fast-developing fields They are inexpensive to maintain They always ensure precise results

Answer: (B) They may become outdated in fast-developing fields

Description:

Controlled vocabularies may become outdated, especially in rapidly evolving fields like technology or medicine. Updating vocabularies requires constant review and revision, which can be costly and time-consuming. This can lead to missing newer concepts or terms that would be relevant to current searches.

15 Nov 2024

Which Pearson product was focused on online learning and testing?

Pearson VUE PowerSchool ClutchPrep Poptropica

Answer: (A) Pearson VUE

Description:

Pearson VUE, acquired by Pearson in 2000, specializes in online testing and certification services. It delivers electronic exams in over 180 countries, providing credentials and certifications across a wide variety of industries and sectors.

14 Nov 2024

Which company is known for developing the AI framework called TensorFlow?

Microsoft Facebook Google IBM

Answer: (C) Google

Description:

TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google and released in 2015. It is widely used for building and training deep learning models, enabling developers to tackle various AI tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing. TensorFlow offers a flexible, scalable architecture that supports both research and production environments. With support for multiple programming languages, including Python, C++, and JavaScript, it is favored for its performance and seamless integration with Google Cloud AI services.

13 Nov 2024

What does Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enable AI models to do?

Generate responses without external data Retrieve and use domain-specific information to improve answers Create new training data for the model Only generate responses based on static data

Answer: (B) Retrieve and use domain-specific information to improve answers

Description:

RAG enables AI models to retrieve and use domain-specific or updated information to improve responses, augmenting their static training data.

12 Nov 2024

What is web fiction?

A form of fiction that is printed and sold in bookstores A form of fiction written exclusively for the Internet and often serialized Fiction published in newspapers and magazines A type of interactive video game fiction paper

Answer: (B) A form of fiction written exclusively for the Internet and often serialized

Description:

Web fiction refers to literary works that are primarily available on the Internet, often in the form of serialized chapters.

11 Nov 2024

What is the purpose of a retraction notice according to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)?

To announce that a paper was successful in an investigation To clarify minor errors in an article To explain the reason for a retraction and indicate who is retracting the paper To apologize to readers for publishing the paper

Answer: (C) To explain the reason for a retraction and indicate who is retracting the paper

Description:

If the journal decides that, based on its investigation, a retraction is required, it will publish a retraction notice (on its website and/or in print, according to its publication model). According to the COPE guidelines, retraction statements must: Clearly relate to the original article by citing the title and linking to the original article. State the reason for the retraction clearly and objectively, specifying who is retracting the article (e.g. all of the authors, some of the authors or the journal itself). Be published promptly and be freely available to all readers.

10 Nov 2024

What is the version number format for Koha releases?

Year-Month Version-Month Month-Year Month-Version

Answer: (A) Year-Month

Description:

Koha releases follow a version numbering system based on the year and month of release, e.g., version 24.05 corresponds to May 2024.

09 Nov 2024

How can public libraries help bridge the "digital divide"?

By charging low fees for technology use By offering free internet and computer access By selling affordable laptops By creating online courses

Answer: (B) By offering free internet and computer access

Description:

Public libraries provide free access to computers and the internet, helping those who cannot afford technology or internet services at home stay connected, search for jobs, and access information.

08 Nov 2024

What does the "Concept Map" feature in Scopus AI provide to researchers?

A list of influential researchers in a field A ranking of journals in the user's research area A synthesis of all documents related to a query A visual map showing relationships between research topics

Answer: (D) A visual map showing relationships between research topics

Description:

The Concept Map feature helps researchers visualize the broader context of a research area by showing how various topics are interconnected. It provides an interactive view of the topic space.

07 Nov 2024

Which format is most commonly used in citation management tools and reference lists?

RIS MARCXML Dublin Core MARC (Unicode/UTF-8)

Answer: (A) RIS

Description:

RIS (Research Information Systems) is widely used for reference management, particularly in citation management tools like EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley. It uses a simple text-based structure with standardized tags for citations.

06 Nov 2024

What is an "infodemic"?

An epidemic involving digital diseases Excessive information, including false or misleading information, in digital and physical environments during a disease outbreak A lack of information during a disease outbreak An increase in online health resources

Answer: (B) Excessive information, including false or misleading information, in digital and physical environments during a disease outbreak

Description:

An infodemic refers to an overwhelming amount of information, both accurate and inaccurate, that spreads rapidly, particularly during a disease outbreak, which can lead to confusion and harmful behaviors.

05 Nov 2024

What type of language support does DSpace offer?

Limited to English Only supports UTF-8 encoding Only supports localized languages Interface available in 22 languages

Answer: (D) Interface available in 22 languages

Description:

DSpace interface is available in 22 languages, offering broad language support for international users.

04 Nov 2024

What search technology does DSpace use to enhance metadata and full-text search capabilities?

Custom Search Algorithm Google Search Apache SOLR Elasticsearch

Answer: (C) Apache SOLR

Description:

DSpace uses "Apache SOLR based search for metadata and full text contents," which powers its search functionality. It is an open-source, enterprise-grade search platform built on top of Apache Lucene, a widely-used search library. Solr is designed to handle large-scale search and indexing operations, making it highly suitable for web applications, content management systems, and large datasets.

03 Nov 2024

What is the primary focus of a data mesh?

Centralized data management Data lake optimization Decentralized data architecture Traditional data warehousing

Answer: (C) Decentralized data architecture

Description:

The primary focus of a data mesh is to implement a decentralized data architecture that allows for domain-oriented data ownership. This approach shifts responsibility for data management and analytics from a centralized team to individual domain teams, fostering greater autonomy and collaboration. By prioritizing decentralization, data mesh aims to reduce data silos and enhance data sharing across various parts of an organization, enabling more scalable and effective data-driven architecture

02 Nov 2024

Which of the following is an example of a NoSQL database?

MySQL PostgreSQL MongoDB Oracle

Answer: (C) MongoDB

Description:

MongoDB is a popular NoSQL database that allows for flexible data modeling and is designed to handle large volumes of unstructured data. Unlike traditional relational databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, which use fixed schemas and SQL for querying, MongoDB uses a document-oriented approach, storing data in JSON-like format. This enables efficient handling of diverse data types and facilitates scalability, making it well-suited for modern applications that require agility and high performance. 

01 Nov 2024

What is pseudonymization primarily used for in the context of data protection?

To make data completely anonymous To replace personal information with artificial identifiers To encrypt all data records To remove all identifiable information

Answer: (B) To replace personal information with artificial identifiers

Description:

Pseudonymization is a process that replaces personally identifiable information in a data record with artificial identifiers, or pseudonyms. This method helps in data analysis while making it less identifiable. It complies with GDPR regulations, providing a balance between data usability and privacy by allowing potential re-identification only under controlled conditions.

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