Before moving right to the discussion about the above domains depicted in picture, it is important to know exactly "What is domain name?"
A domain name is an identification string of text that maps to a numeric IP address, used to access a website from client software. For example, the domain name "google.com" points to the IP address. In general, we can say a domain name is the text that a user types into a browser window to reach a particular website. A domain is entered after the protocol in the URL, as shown in the following example.
https://www.google.com/
In this above URL "https" is a protocol, "www" is a subdomain and "google.com" is a domain name.
Actual address of the website is a complex numerical IP address, which is difficult to remember. The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet that provides the human freindly domain names. The Domain names are managed and maintained by Domain Name Registry. These registries are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)-a department of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a global organization which is responsible for Internet Protocol (IP) and coordinates global IP addressing, symbols, numbering, media-type and DNS root zone management. Providing upper-level domains (e.g., .com and .net) and country codes (e.g., .in, .uk and .au) etc.
Registries are organizations that manages Top Level Domians (TLDs) for example, ".net", ".com". Top-Level Domain are last part of Domain name and they are also known as Domain Name Suffix as the domain name ends with TLD.
Total no of TLDs are 1590 only 1489 of them are actually active and that's because 82 of them are not assigned its called basically means they were revoked for whatever reason , maybe the company did not want to pay for it anymore. 8 of them are so called retired and then 11 of them are test domains.
· Active TLD 1489
· Not Assigned 82
· Retired 8 and
· Test purpose 11
1. gTLD (Generic Top-Level Domain): These are the are the most common and recognizable of all types of TLDs. (e.g., .com, .net, .org, .biz etc.)
GeoTLDs are also falls in the category of gTLDS. GeoTLDs are specific to certain geographical locations. For example:
.nyc (New York City, USA), which is for New York City and requires a valid New York City address from persons or entities who want to register .NYC.
.tokyo (Tokyo, Japan),
.moscow (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. sTLD (Sponsored Top-Level Domain): These are sponsored by or taken care of by private organizations, businesses or the government. (Representing a specific community served by the domain). For example:
.gov (primarily for US government entities and agencies ),
.asia (open to individuals, companies and organizations connected to the region),
.edu (for educational institutions ),
.travel (reserved for travel agencies) etc.
3. ccTLD (Country Code Top-Level Domain): These are specific to countries and mostly available in two alphabets. These domains are also available in country specific regional languages.
For example:
.in - India
.à¤ारत - India
.us - The United States of America
.eg - Egypt
4. Infrastructure Top-Level Domain: There is only one example of this category i.e. .e.g .arpa (Address and Routing Parameter Area) This domain is exclusively used for
Internet-infrastructure purposes, particularly, the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Furthermore, the domain is administered by IANA
under the guidance of IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
New gTLDs: As the space provided by current gTLD extensions is limited, ICANN has begun the process of releasing over 1,000 new extensions under the New gTLD Program, launched in 2012. By adding to the internet’s list of extensions, It will not only allow more domain names, but create a safer, more efficient internet that has instant significance of a website’s content in regards to its extension.
Below are the examples of New Generic Top Level Domains (New gTLDs) that you have ever heard and their names might be quite interesting to our library professionals. The number of New gTLDS, is growing fast.
.book is a domain that falls under the category of gTLDs in ICANN's New gTLD Program. After a private auction in November 2014, Amazon became the sole applicant for the TLD. Having a deep social significance as well as strong staying power, .book is one of the most contested of the new TLDs among companies like Google and Amazon. The goal of .book domain is to become principal online destination of all the websites having book related content.
.page is a new gTLD that makes it easy to build a simple, more secure website. Whether you’re a business launching a new website, a publisher sharing new publications online, an author telling your story, or a student showcasing your research, .page is the perfect home for your next chapter – online. .page pairs perfectly with simple, one-page websites. .page domain is available with built in security because this TLD is included on the HSTS preload list, making HTTPS required on all connections to .page websites and pages without needing individual HSTS registration or configuration.
.wiki falls under the New gTLDs category. It became available to the general public on May 26, 2014. the purpose of the .wiki top-level domain is to create a designated Internet space for wikis. This gTLD clearly identifies wikis from among the millions of other websites populating the Internet, and allow Internet users to easily find wikis relevant to their interests.
.wiki is a generic top-level domain (TLD) used by websites that serve as a repository of information for various subjects. Wikis are unique in that they allow people to contribute, edit, and update content. Anyone can register the .wiki domain name to build a collaborative knowledge base website around any topic: art and culture, geography, ecommerce, mobile software, and more. You can use .wiki to give content some authority, letting the world know your site has the information people are searching for. You can also register .wiki to let people know the content they’re looking is open for exchange of knowledge.
You may register /get domain here: https://in.godaddy.com/domains/gtld-domain-names
For hindi domain registration go to: https://registry.gov.in/
Posts
Very interesting information.
ReplyDelete