What is the main advantage of using the Z39.50 client–server protocol in library networks?
A It converts MARC records into XML format automatically
B It replaces the need for OPAC interfaces
C It limits access to databases within a single institution
D It allows interoperability among different library systems
✓Answer:(D) It allows interoperability among different library systems
Z39.50 follows the client–server model, where a client searches bibliographic databases hosted on remote servers.
12Nov 2025
The Z39.50 protocol primarily operates on which type of communication model?
A Client–server model
B Peer-to-peer model
C Distributed control model
D Distributed control model
✓Answer:(A) Client–server model
Z39.50 follows the client–server model, where a client searches bibliographic databases hosted on remote servers.
11Nov 2025
In ONIX, which of the following information is NOT typically included?
A ISBN
B Price and subject classification
C Title and author
D DRM encryption key
✓Answer:(D) DRM encryption key
ONIX carries bibliographic and commercial metadata, not encryption or DRM data
10Nov 2025
Which metadata standard is used by publishers and distributors to share book information globally?
A MARC21
B ONIX
C MODS
D OPF
✓Answer:(B) ONIX
ONIX (Online Information Exchange) is an XML-based standard developed by EDItEUR for exchanging metadata between publishers, retailers, and libraries.
09Nov 2025
What is the primary goal of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)?
A To improve website aesthetics
B To enhance search engine rankings
C To ensure web content is accessible to people with disabilities
D To increase website traffic
✓Answer:(C) To ensure web content is accessible to people with disabilities
WCAG aims to make digital content accessible to users with disabilities, ensuring inclusivity across visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive domains.
08Nov 2025
Which of the following eBook formats is open-source and reflowable, making it most suitable for multiple devices?
AEPUB
BPDF
CMOBI
DAZW
✓Answer:(A) EPUB
EPUB (Electronic Publication) is an open standard maintained by W3C, supports reflowable text and is compatible with most eReaders.
07Nov 2025
The Delhi High Court ordered the blocking of Sci-Hub and related platforms in India primarily on which ground?
ANational security
BViolation of copyright laws
CData protection and privacy breach
DCybersecurity concerns
✓Answer:(B) Violation of copyright laws
The court found Sci-Hub and LibGen guilty of copyright infringement, as they hosted and distributed publishers’ research papers without authorisation.
06Nov 2025
In September 2025, Penguin Random House India announced a strategic investment in which children’s-publishing house to deepen its reach in children’s book market in India?
ABPI (India) Pvt Ltd
BNu Voice Press
CMaple Press
DGrin Publishing
✓Answer:(C) Maple Press
Founded with a vision to make high-quality, affordable books accessible to young readers across India, Maple Press has built an impressive catalogue that blends engaging storytelling with educational value. With this investment, Penguin Random House India aims to support Maple Press in scaling its reach, accelerating innovation in formats and distribution, and deepening its impact on the reading journeys of millions of children.
05Nov 2025
The “Agent Builder” recently introduced by Clarivate is best described as:
AA workflow for exporting citations to EndNote
BA journal impact-factor calculation tool
CA digital-rights management interface for ProQuest
DA low/no-code platform for institutions to create AI agents using Clarivate data
✓Answer:(D) A low/no-code platform for institutions to create AI agents using Clarivate data
The Agent Builder (part of Clarivate’s Academic AI Platform) allows libraries or universities to design customized AI agents to automate literature review, research discovery, or analytics tasks.
04Nov 2025
The platform used for many Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) MOOCs developed in India is known as:
ANPTEL
BCoursera
CedX
DmooKIT
✓Answer:(D) mooKIT
mooKIT is an open-source MOOC platform developed by IIT Kanpur, used by COL and CEMCA to host courses such as “MOOC on MOOC” and “Mobiles for Development.” mooKIT stands out for being lightweight, India-developed, and accessible even with low internet bandwidth, aligning with COL’s mission for inclusive learning.
03Nov 2025
Which Indian institute collaborated with Commonwealth of Learning (COL) to launch the famous “MOOC on MOOC”?
AIIT Kanpur
BIIT Bombay
CIndira Gandhi National Open University
DDelhi University
✓Answer:(A) IIT Kanpur
IIT Kanpur partnered with COL to design and deliver the “MOOC on MOOC”, a meta-MOOC that explained how to design and run MOOCs effectively. It was one of the earliest international collaborations in online education, launched in 2014, hosted on the mooKIT platform developed by IIT Kanpur.
02Nov 2025
CERT-In derives its legal authority from which section of the Information Technology (IT) Act?
ASection 69
BSection 70A
CSection 70B
DSection 79
✓Answer:(B) Section 70B
Section 70B of the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 (which amended the IT Act 2000) formally established CERT-In as the national agency for cybersecurity incident response in India.
01Nov 2025
What is the main objective of the Cyber Swachhta Kendra initiative launched by CERT-In?
ATo promote e-learning content
BTo provide free antivirus and botnet cleaning tools
CTo regulate social media platforms
DTo issue digital certificates to government employees
✓Answer:(B) To provide free antivirus and botnet cleaning tools
Cyber Swachhta Kendra / Botnet Cleaning and Malware Analysis Centre (BCMAC) works in collaboration with Industry and Internet Service Providers to trace Internet Protocol addresses infected by Bots and send message to end users regarding the same. Further, tools are being developed by partnering with Antivirus companies to enable individuals to clean their systems.
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