The Indian organization responsible for handling cybersecurity incidents is:
ANIC (National Informatics Centre)
BINFLIBNET
CThe Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
DCERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team – India)
✓Answer:(D) CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team – India)
CERT-In is the national nodal agency responsible for responding to cybersecurity incidents, issuing alerts and advisories, and enhancing the overall cyber resilience of India’s digital infrastructure.
30Oct 2025
Which of the following is the primary policy framework governing open data release in India?
ARight to Information Act, 2005
BData accessible only through institutional login credentials
CData accessible only to government officials
DData available for purchase by research institutions
✓Answer:(A) Data available freely for anyone to use, modify, and share with minimal restrictions
The NDSAP (2012) forms the foundation for open data sharing by government ministries and departments in India.
29Oct 2025
Which of the following best defines Open Data in the context of information access?
AData available freely for anyone to use, modify, and share with minimal restrictions
BData accessible only through institutional login credentials
CData accessible only to government officials
DData available for purchase by research institutions
✓Answer:(A) Data available freely for anyone to use, modify, and share with minimal restrictions
Open Data refers to data that is freely available for anyone to access, use, modify, and share without restrictions, usually under an open license. It promotes transparency, innovation, and collaboration by allowing individuals, organizations, and researchers to use data for analysis, policy-making, education, and public services.
28Oct 2025
Which of the following best differentiates grey literature from formal scholarly publications?
AGrey literature undergoes more rigorous peer review than commercial publications
BGrey literature is produced and distributed through informal or non-commercial channels
CGrey literature is always unpublished and inaccessible
DGrey literature is limited to technical reports only
✓Answer:(B) Grey literature is produced and distributed through informal or non-commercial channels
Grey literature includes materials like reports, theses, or working papers disseminated through non-commercial channels such as universities, NGOs, or government bodies. It is often not formally peer-reviewed or indexed in mainstream databases, distinguishing it from traditional scholarly publishing.
27Oct 2025
Which of the following is NOT an example of synthetic media?
AAI-generated portrait artwork
BDeepfake video of a celebrity
CA digital photograph taken by a camera
DAI-generated voice cloning
✓Answer:(C) A digital photograph taken by a camera
A photograph directly captured by a camera is real media, not synthetically generated.
26Oct 2025
The core technology behind most synthetic images and videos, such as deepfakes, is:
GANs consist of two networks (generator and discriminator) that compete, enabling realistic content generation.
25Oct 2025
Which of the following best defines synthetic media?
AMedia created using human artists and editors only
BMedia stored on blockchain platforms
CMedia generated or modified by artificial intelligence algorithms
DMedia distributed through social networking sites
✓Answer:(C) Media generated or modified by artificial intelligence algorithms
Synthetic media is AI-generated or AI-enhanced content such as text, images, audio, or video.
24Oct 2025
The 2025 theme “Who Owns Our Knowledge?” primarily seeks to address which of the following concerns?
ACommercial control and inequities in access to knowledge
BPreservation of print resources in libraries
CDevelopment of institutional repositories
DTechnical standards in open data sharing
✓Answer:(A) Commercial control and inequities in access to knowledge
The theme focuses on examining how control by commercial publishers, AI systems, and private platforms affects equitable access and ownership of knowledge
23Oct 2025
Which organization leads the coordination of International Open Access Week?
AEIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries)
BUNESCO
CSPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition)
DIFLA (International Federation of Library Associations)
✓Answer:(C) SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition)
SPARC, along with the Open Access Week Advisory Committee, coordinates global activities, sets themes, and provides communication resources each year.
22Oct 2025
What is the official theme of International Open Access Week 2025?
AWho Owns Our Knowledge?
BCommunity over Commercialization
COpen for Climate Justice
DDesign Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
✓Answer:(A) Who Owns Our Knowledge?
The 2025 theme “Who Owns Our Knowledge?” encourages discussion on the ownership, accessibility, and control of scholarly and cultural knowledge in the age of commercialization and AI.
21Oct 2025
Zendy is primarily designed to:
AAn online reference management system
BA repository of paywalled journals
CProvide affordable access to academic literature using AI tools
DA built-in AI assistant that helps with research summarization and discovery
✓Answer:(D) A built-in AI assistant that helps with research summarization and discovery
ZAIA (Zendy AI Assistant) provides smart features like summarization, keyword extraction, and article recommendations.
20Oct 2025
Zendy is primarily designed to:
AReplace all traditional library management systems
BArchive preprints and datasets for open-source projects
CProvide affordable access to academic literature using AI tools
DManage institutional repositories exclusively
✓Answer:(C) Provide affordable access to academic literature using AI tools
Zendy aims to democratize access to research by integrating open-access and paid academic content, assisted by AI tools for discovery and summarization.
19Oct 2025
What is the theme of International Data Week 2025?
AData to Knowledge: Bridging the Divide
BGlobal Data for Sustainable Development
CSmart Data for Smart World
DData for Positive Change
✓Answer:(B)Data for Positive Change
The IDW 2025 theme of ‘Data for Positive Change’ highlights our commitment to the role of data in instituting change by empowering communities and advancing research.
18Oct 2025
International Data Week (IDW) is a joint initiative of which of the following organizations?
AUNESCO, IFLA, and OECD
BCODATA, World Data System (WDS), and Research Data Alliance (RDA)
COECD, RDA, and ICSTI
DCODATA, ICSTI, and IFLA
✓Answer:(B) CODATA, World Data System (WDS), and Research Data Alliance (RDA)
IDW is co-organized by CODATA (Committee on Data), WDS, and RDA — the three major global data organizations promoting open data sharing and stewardship.
17Oct 2025
Which of the following best illustrates the APUPA concept?
CPolitical Science – Economics – Law – Engineering – Medicine
DBotany – Zoology – Physics – Chemistry – History
✓Answer:(A) Literature – Linguistics – Library Science – Information Science – Computer Science
In the given sequence, Library Science is the Umbral subject; Linguistics and Information Science are penumbral (related); Literature and Computer Science are more distant or alien.
16Oct 2025
Which philosophical view of knowledge does the APUPA pattern best reflect?
AKnowledge is static and discrete
BKnowledge exists in isolation
CKnowledge is continuous and interconnected
DKnowledge is purely hierarchical
✓Answer:(C) Knowledge is continuous and interconnected
Ranganathan viewed knowledge as a continuum, where subjects overlap and evolve—captured beautifully by the APUPA structure.
15Oct 2025
Which statement is true regarding philology?
AIt focuses only on pronunciation
BIt is a modern computational field
CIt studies languages through historical written texts
DLexicography
✓Answer:(C) It studies languages through historical written texts
Philology connects linguistics with history and literature, analyzing textual evidence to study language evolution.
14Oct 2025
The branch of linguistics that deals with compiling, editing, and analyzing dictionaries is called:
ALexicology
BPhraseologist
COnomastician
DLexicography
✓Answer:(D) Lexicography
Lexicography is the applied science of dictionary-making, while lexicology studies the theoretical aspects of words and their meanings.
13Oct 2025
Which of the following linguistic specialists focuses primarily on proper names, including people and places?
APhilologist
BPhraseologist
COnomastician
DSemanticist
✓Answer:(C) Onomastician
Onomastics is the study of proper names — anthroponyms (personal) and toponyms (geographical).
12Oct 2025
The platform KITABOO is primarily used for:
ACreating interactive and multimedia-rich eBooks
BManaging citation styles and references
CHosting open government data
DProviding cloud storage for digital materials
✓Answer:(A) Creating interactive and multimedia-rich eBooks
KITABOO allows publishers and educators to create interactive digital learning materials and distribute them securely.
11Oct 2025
Which of the following platforms operates on an "all-you-can-read" subscription model, often called the "Spotify for textbooks"?
AProQuest Ebook Central
BPerlego
CVitalSource
DSAGE Knowledge
✓Answer:(B) Perlego
Perlego provides unlimited access to academic and professional eBooks for a flat subscription fee, hence known as the "Spotify for textbooks."
10Oct 2025
The Internet Archive's service that allows institutions to create customized web archives is:
AWayback Creator
BArchive Builder
CArchive-It
DWebCite
✓Answer:(C) Archive-It
Archive-It is a subscription-based service provided by the Internet Archive that enables libraries, universities, and governments to curate and preserve their own web collections.
09Oct 2025
The word "Wiki" originally comes from which language, and what does it mean?
AJapanese - "knowledge"
BHawaiian - "quick"
CSanskrit - "community"
DLatin - "together"
✓Answer:(B) Hawaiian - "quick"
"Wiki" is Hawaiian for "quick," symbolizing fast and collaborative content creation.
08Oct 2025
A librarian analyzes the effect of new signage on user navigation by changing only the design and measuring responses. This is:
ADescriptive Research
BAction Research
CExperimental Research
DAnalytical Research
✓Answer:(C) Experimental Research
Changing one condition (signage design) and measuring its impact implies experimental research with controlled variables.
07Oct 2025
Librarian investigates how users search for e-books in the OPAC to improve the catalog interface. This is an example of:
ABasic Research
BFundamental Research
CAction Research
DLaboratory Research
✓Answer:(C) Action Research
Action research is conducted by practitioners (like teachers or librarians) to improve their own practices or systems.
06Oct 2025
In which situation would a Chi-square test be used?
ATo test the association between two categorical variables
BTo test if two continuous variables are correlated
CTo compare the means of two independent groups
DTo analyze time-series data
✓Answer:(A) To test the association between two categorical variables
Chi-square is a nonparametric test used to check relationships between categorical variables (e.g., gender vs. preference).
05Oct 2025
For a normal distribution of sample/ population, which of the following is correct?
AMean > Median > Mode
BMode > Median > Mean
CMean = Median = Mode
DMedian > Mode > Mean
✓Answer:(C) Mean = Median = Mode
In a perfectly normal distribution (bell curve), all three measures of central tendency coincide.
04Oct 2025
If the standard deviation of a dataset is zero, what does it indicate?
AData is normally distributed
BAll values are equal
CData is positively skewed
DSample size is too small
✓Answer:(B) All values are equal
Standard deviation measures spread. If SD = 0, it means no variation—all values are identical.
03Oct 2025
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of parametric tests used to test hypothesis in research?
AData is measured at interval or ratio scale
BData follows a normal distribution
CVariances are homogeneous across groups
DData must always be ordinal
✓Answer:(D) Data must always be ordinal
Parametric tests require interval/ratio data, not ordinal. Ordinal or nominal data are usually tested with nonparametric methods.
02Oct 2025
If you need a free repository of images, videos, and audio for educational use, which Wikimedia project should you access?
AWikisource
BWikivoyage
CWikibooks
DWikimedia Commons
✓Answer:(D) Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons is the media repository for free images, sounds, and videos used across Wikimedia projects.
01Oct 2025
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between Wikimedia and Wikipedia?
AWikipedia owns Wikimedia
BWikimedia Foundation manages Wikipedia along with other projects
CWikimedia is a part of Wikipedia
DWikipedia and Wikimedia are two unrelated organizations
✓Answer:(B) Wikimedia Foundation manages Wikipedia along with other projects.
Wikimedia Foundation is the umbrella nonprofit that runs Wikipedia and its sister projects.
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