|
Year |
Technology |
Key Developments |
Impact on Libraries |
|
Pre-1960s |
Manual Systems |
Card catalogs, typewriters, physical circulation records |
Time-consuming, labor-intensive, error-prone, limited access to
resources |
|
1960s-1970s |
Mainframe Computers |
Early Integrated Library Systems (ILS), batch processing, MARC
(Machine-Readable Cataloging) format |
Improved efficiency, standardized data, interlibrary loan
possibilities |
|
1980s-1990s |
Personal Computers, Client-Server Systems |
Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs), improved user interfaces,
increased automation of circulation and acquisition processes |
Enhanced patron access, streamlined workflows, reduced manual effort |
|
2000s |
Internet, Web Technologies |
Discovery layers, e-resources, virtual libraries, digital repositories |
Wider access to resources, online research tools, personalized
services, global collaboration |
|
2010s-present |
Mobile Technologies, Cloud Computing, Big Data |
Mobile OPACs, self-service kiosks, social media integration, data
analytics for resource management |
Improved user experience, personalized recommendations, data-driven
decision making, flexible service models |
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