The h-index from Google Scholar provides free access to citation data but does not offer open data or software, nor does it provide data access for journals.
27Feb 2025
What is the key difference between a DOI and a URL?
A DOI only links to a websiteA DOI can identify objects regardless of their locationA URL is permanent and never changes A DOI is only used for academic journals
Answer: (B) A DOI can identify objects regardless of their location
Description:
Unlike URLs, which depend on a specific location of a resource, a DOI identifies the object itself, regardless of where it is hosted. This makes it a more stable reference over time, as the metadata can be updated even if the physical location or URL of the resource changes.
26Feb 2025
Which organization oversees the DOI system?
International DOI Foundation (IDF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Data Organization (IDO)World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Answer: (A) International DOI Foundation (IDF)
Description:
The International DOI Foundation (IDF) is responsible for the governance and development of the DOI system. This non-profit organization ensures that DOI standards are maintained, manages operational features, and works on promoting the system for electronic publishing. What is a DOI?
25Feb 2025
What initiative has the Library of Congress launched as a potential replacement for MARC?
The Library of Congress has launched the BIBFRAME initiative to replace MARC with a new framework that allows greater granularity and flexibility in bibliographic data sharing.
24Feb 2025
What type of qubits has Microsoft announced it created?
Microsoft has announced the creation of topological qubits, a groundbreaking approach in quantum computing. Unlike conventional qubits that are typically sensitive to noise and environmental disturbances, topological qubits use the properties of topological states in materials to store quantum information. These qubits are expected to be more robust and resistant to errors caused by noise, which makes them a promising candidate for scaling quantum computers to a practical level. The company hopes that by leveraging these qubits, it can overcome many of the challenges faced by existing quantum technologies, paving the way for the next generation of quantum machines. However, some researchers remain skeptical about the practicality and scalability of this approach.
23Feb 2025
What is "intelligent character recognition" (ICR)?
OCR for handwriting recognition A process for recognizing machine-printed text An advanced technique used in machine learning A method for processing color images
Answer: (A) OCR for handwriting recognition
Description:
Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) is an advanced form of OCR designed to recognize handwritten or cursive text. Unlike traditional OCR, which works primarily with printed text, ICR utilizes machine learning algorithms to improve recognition accuracy for varied handwriting styles. By analyzing the shapes and patterns of characters, ICR can process text that is less uniform and harder to recognize, making it useful for applications where handwritten documents need to be digitized. As a result, ICR is commonly employed in situations like digitizing forms, medical records, and other handwritten inputs.
22Feb 2025
Which organization administers HathiTrust?
University of California Internet Archive University of Michigan Google
Answer: (C) University of Michigan
Description:
HathiTrust is a collaborative initiative founded by various universities, and its administration is handled by the University of Michigan. As the central administrative body, the University of Michigan oversees the operations, governance, and development of HathiTrust, a digital library that stores millions of digitized works. The institution plays a critical role in ensuring that HathiTrust remains a reliable and accessible resource for academic and public use. This includes managing the technical infrastructure, working with member libraries, and preserving the digital content for long-term access and research.
22Feb 2025
Which organization administers HathiTrust?
University of California Internet Archive University of Michigan Google
Answer: (C) University of Michigan
Description:
HathiTrust is a collaborative initiative founded by various universities, and its administration is handled by the University of Michigan. As the central administrative body, the University of Michigan oversees the operations, governance, and development of HathiTrust, a digital library that stores millions of digitized works. The institution plays a critical role in ensuring that HathiTrust remains a reliable and accessible resource for academic and public use. This includes managing the technical infrastructure, working with member libraries, and preserving the digital content for long-term access and research.
21Feb 2025
What is data fabrication?
Altering existing data to misrepresent results Selectively reporting findings from a study Creating or inventing data that was never collected Using incorrect statistical methods to analyze data
Answer: (C) Creating or inventing data that was never collected
Description:
Data fabrication refers to making up false data instead of collecting it from actual experiments or surveys. It is considered a serious form of academic misconduct.
20Feb 2025
What role do smart contracts play in blockchain-based reading?
They allow unauthorized copying of books They automatically execute licensing and payments They delete digital books after reading They increase the size of eBooks
Answer: (B) They automatically execute licensing and payments
Description:
Smart contracts are self-executing agreements that automate licensing and payments for NFT books. They ensure that authors receive royalties instantly without intermediaries.
19Feb 2025
Which company is known for selling NFT books on the Cardano and Ethereum blockchains?
Book.io Adobe Digital Editions Kindle Scribd
Answer: (A) Book.io
Description:
Book.io is a leading NFT book marketplace that uses Cardano and Ethereum for decentralized eBook ownership and distribution.
18Feb 2025
What is the role of Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs)?
To identify funding agencies To register research articles for open access publication To provide unique identifiers for universities To identify and track research resources such as antibodies, cell lines, and software
Answer: (D) To identify and track research resources such as antibodies, cell lines, and software
Description:
RRIDs are unique identifiers used to cite and track research resources like model organisms, databases, and software tools. They improve reproducibility and proper attribution in research.
17Feb 2025
What is the primary purpose of Persistent Unique Identifiers (PIDs)?
To uniquely identify and link research outputs to their associated metadata To provide short URLs for research articles To replace traditional citation formats To store research data in a single repository
Answer: (A) To uniquely identify and link research outputs to their associated metadata
Description:
PIDs ensure that research entities, such as articles, datasets, and researchers, are uniquely and persistently identifiable. This helps in tracking contributions, linking metadata, and ensuring long-term accessibility.
16Feb 2025
What is FORCE11?
A research publishing platform A coalition working to improve scholarly communication A research funding organizationA software development company
Answer: (B) A coalition working to improve scholarly communication
Description:
FORCE11 is an international coalition of researchers, librarians, publishers, and research funders aiming to enhance the research publishing and communication system. https://force11.org/
16Feb 2025
Which service does Crossref offer to help with plagiarism detection?
CrossMark CrossCheck CrosslinkCrossverify
Answer: (B) CrossCheck
Description:
CrossCheck is a plagiarism screening service powered by iThenticate, helping ensure originality in scholarly content.
15Feb 2025
What is the primary function of Crossref?
To host full-text scientific content To provide a database for scholarly articlesTo provide persistent digital object identifiers (DOIs) and link scholarly metadataTo fund open access publications
Answer: (C) To provide persistent digital object identifiers (DOIs) and link scholarly metadata
Description:
Crossref’s main function is to offer DOIs and manage the metadata linking between scholarly articles and research objects across various platforms.
14Feb 2025
What is the primary mission of the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)?
To promote traditional academic publishing To increase the visibility, accessibility, and impact of open access scholarly journals globallyTo only index journals in the social sciencesTo host a curated list of non-peer-reviewed journals
Answer: (B) To increase the visibility, accessibility, and impact of open access scholarly journals globally
Description:
The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) aims to enhance the visibility, reputation, and impact of peer-reviewed, open access journals worldwide, across all disciplines and languages.
13Feb 2025
Which of the following is the correct way to search for an author in Scopus?
AUTHOR = "John Smith" AU = "John Smith"AUTHOR("John Smith")AUTHOR("Smith, John")
Answer: (B) AU = "John Smith"
Description:
In Scopus, the correct field tag to search for an author is "AU" (Author). To search for a specific author, you need to use the format AU = "Author Name". The name should be in quotes to ensure an exact match. Using the correct format ensures that you retrieve accurate results for publications by that author.
12Feb 2025
Which of the following is the correct way to search for a journal in Web of Science?
SO = (JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS) SO(JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS) so(JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS)SRC = (JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS)
Answer: (A) SO = (JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS)
Description:
In Web of Science, the correct search format to find journals is by using the "SO" field tag, which stands for Source Title. The correct syntax for searching for a specific journal is "SO = (Journal Name)" with the equals sign (=) to ensure an exact match. This format allows you to search for journals accurately, such as Journal of Chemical Physics. Other formats, such as lowercase "so" or using SRC, are not valid in Web of Science queries.
11Feb 2025
What does the Eigenfactor Score measure in journal rankings?
The citation count from a journal's own publications The overall importance of a journal based on citations over five years The journal's productivity in terms of articles published The total number of authors per article
Answer: (B) The overall importance of a journal based on citations over five years
Description:
The Eigenfactor Score evaluates a journal's overall importance by counting how often its articles are cited within the first five years of publication. It accounts for the prestige of citing journals, giving weight to citations from influential journals.
10Feb 2025
If a journal is classified in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Quartile Q1, it signifies that:
The journal performs better than at least 75% of journals in that categoryn The journal performs better than at least 50% of journals in that category The journal performs better than at least 55% of journals in that category The journal performs better than at least 25% of journals in that category
Answer: (A) The journal performs better than at least 75% of journals in that category
Description:
A journal classified in the JCR Quartile Q1 represents the top 25% of journals in a given category. This means it outperforms at least 75% of other journals in that field. The Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is a widely recognized tool for evaluating the academic impact of journals, with quartiles (Q1-Q4) ranking journals based on their impact factors. Q1 denotes the highest tier, reflecting the journal's significant academic influence and prestige. The quartiles Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 categorize journals into four equal parts based on their Impact Factor (IF) or other citation metrics.
Q1 represents the top 25% of journals, demonstrating the highest impact in a particular field.
Q2 includes journals with Impact Factors above the median but lower than those in Q1.
Q3 represents journals with Impact Factors below the median but still higher than the bottom 25%.
Q4 consists of the bottom 25% of journals based on their Impact Factor. These quartiles help researchers understand a journal's relative standing and guide publication decisions.
The e-index is a citation metric designed to complement the h-index. It accounts for the number of citations an author has received beyond their h-index threshold. Essentially, it measures the excess citations that exceed the contributions required to achieve the h-index, providing further insight into the researcher's overall academic impact. This helps highlight an author's sustained influence in their field.
08Feb 2025
Academia.edu and ResearchGate.net are?
Academic Social Networking Sites Crowdfunding Sites Reference Management sites Open Access Journal Sites
Answer: (A) Academic Social Networking Sites
Description:
Academia.edu and ResearchGate.net are prominent Academic Social Networking Sites that facilitate scholarly communication, collaboration, and the sharing of research work. These platforms allow academics to upload their publications, engage with peers, track the impact of their research, and participate in academic discussions, fostering a global research community.
07Feb 2025
Which initiative aims to make free books available to underprivileged children in India?
To provide short URLs for research articles To uniquely identify and link research outputs to their associated metadata To replace traditional citation formats To store research data in a single repository
Answer: (B) To uniquely identify and link research outputs to their associated metadata
Description:
PIDs ensure that research entities, such as articles, datasets, and researchers, are uniquely and persistently identifiable. This helps in tracking contributions, linking metadata, and ensuring long-term accessibility.
06Feb 2025
Which initiative aims to make free books available to underprivileged children in India?
Project Darpan Shiksha Abhiyan Pratham Books Book for All
Answer: (C) Pratham Books
Description:
a non-profit organisation which publishes affordable, quality books for children, was set up in 2004 to complement Read India. It has published over 200 original titles in 10 Indian languages and reached over 14 million children. Established in Mumbai in 1995 to provide pre-school education to children in slums, Pratham today has interventions spread across 23 states and union territories of India and has supporting chapters in the United States, UK, Germany, Sweden, and Australia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratham#:~:text=Pratham's%20mission%20is%20%22Every%20Child,India's%20economic%20and%20social%20equality.
05Feb 2025
Which one of the creative common licenses is considered for commercial use?
CC-BY-NC-ND CC-BY-NC CC-BY-ND CC-BY
Answer: (C) CC-BY-ND
Description:
The CC-BY-ND (Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives) license allows users to share and use a work, including for commercial purposes, but with strict conditions. You must give proper attribution to the original creator, crediting them in the specified way. However, the No Derivatives (ND) condition means you cannot modify or adapt the work in any way. The work must remain in its original form. This license allows for wide distribution and commercial use but prevents any changes to the original content. It’s ideal for creators who want their work shared without alterations, while still being credited.
04Feb 2025
Which organization is responsible for developing FOLIO?
Open Library Foundation Library of Congress EBSCO Information Services OCLC
Answer: (A) Open Library Foundation
Description:
FOLIO is developed under the Open Library Foundation, which fosters open-source solutions for libraries worldwide.
03Feb 2025
What is the primary function of SHERPA/RoMEO?
It tracks the funding sources for academic research. It provides information about copyright and open access self-archiving policies of academic journals. It supports the creation of new academic journals. It offers a platform for sharing research data.
Answer: (B) It provides information about copyright and open access self-archiving policies of academic journals.
Description:
SHERPA/RoMEO is a service that provides information on publishers’ self-archiving and copyright policies. It helps researchers understand whether they can archive their preprints or postprints and the conditions for making their work openly accessible. The platform includes a database of over 22,000 journals and uses a color-coded system to show different levels of permission for open access archiving. https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
02Feb 2025
What is the primary goal of a phishing attack?
To spread spam emails To slow down network traffic To replicate and spread without user intervention To trick victims into revealing sensitive information
Answer: (D) To trick victims into revealing sensitive information
Description:
Phishing is a social engineering attack where hackers deceive users into providing personal details like passwords, credit card numbers, or banking information by pretending to be legitimate entities.
01Feb 2025
Which module in Koha 24.11.00 has been enhanced to include a generic master form, previously known as "FreeForm"?
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