A social media platform for academicsA digital archive of historical documentsA subscription-based service for fiction booksAn online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books
Answer: (D) An online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books
Description:
Project MUSE is a non-profit collaboration between libraries and publishers, offering access to peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books in the humanities and social sciences.
30Mar 2025
Which technology ensures tamper-proof record preservation by distributing data across multiple nodes?
Blockchain technology ensures data integrity by creating a decentralized and immutable ledger, making it ideal for preserving legal, medical, and financial records.
29Mar 2025
Which digital preservation technique involves converting files from outdated formats to newer, more stable formats?
Migration updates digital content by converting files to newer formats to ensure long-term accessibility. For example, converting old .doc files to PDF/A for better preservation.
28Mar 2025
What is the primary purpose of Portico?
To provide open-access journalsTo preserve and ensure long-term access to digital scholarly contentTo publish new academic researchTo offer digital marketing services
Answer: (b) To preserve and ensure long-term access to digital scholarly content
Description:
Portico is a community-supported initiative, relying on the contributions of publishers, libraries, and academic institutions to sustain its preservation efforts.
27Mar 2025
What is the primary objective of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)?
To document and protect India's traditional knowledge from biopiracyTo promote Indian patents worldwideTo replace traditional knowledge with modern pharmaceuticalsTo create a database for modern medical research
Answer: (a) To document and protect India's traditional knowledge from biopiracy
Description:
The TKDL was established to prevent the unauthorized patenting of India’s traditional medicinal knowledge by documenting it and making it accessible to international patent offices for prior art searches.
26Mar 2025
Why do some biologists worry about scooping?
Because they think their work might be misinterpretedBecause they fear their research will not get published in a journalBecause they worry others will use their ideas without giving creditBecause they believe preprints are unreliable
Answer: (C) Because they worry others will use their ideas without giving credit
Description:
Some biologists fear that sharing their research too soon might allow others to publish similar work without proper acknowledgment, leading to unethical scooping.
25Mar 2025
What does “scooping” mean in scientific research?
Taking someone else’s ideas or findings without proper creditPublishing a groundbreaking discoveryReviewing scientific papers for a journalSharing research openly with the public
Answer: (A) Taking someone else’s ideas or findings without proper credit
Description:
In research, especially in biology, “scooping” refers to using another person’s work without proper attribution. It is considered unethical.
24Mar 2025
Who is the main propounder of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI)?
Tim Berners-LeeVinton CerfHerbert Van de SompelLarry Page
Answer: (C) Herbert Van de Sompel
Description:
Herbert Van de Sompel, a Belgian researcher, played a leading role in the development of OAI, particularly the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).
23Mar 2025
Which organization developed INFOPORT?
UGC (University Grants Commission)INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network Centre)NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning)AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education)
Answer: (B) INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network Centre)
Description:
INFLIBNET, an autonomous body under UGC, developed INFOPORT to support academic and research activities by providing easy access to scholarly content.
22Mar 2025
Which metadata vocabulary was developed by major search engines like Google and Microsoft?
Schema.orgDublin CoreFOAFISO 19115
Answer: (A) Schema.org
Description:
Schema.org was created by major search engines to standardize structured data for better indexing and search results.
21Mar 2025
What does CNCI (Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI)) primarily measure?
The total number of citations a researcher receivesThe average number of citations per articleThe relative impact of a publication compared to the global average in its fieldThe total number of publications in a given subject category
Answer: (C) The relative impact of a publication compared to the global average in its field
Description:
CNCI (Category Normalized Citation Impact) normalizes citation counts based on subject category, year, and document type, allowing a fair comparison of research impact across different fields.
Schema.org provides structured metadata to enhance website visibility in search engines, improving SEO.
19Mar 2025
What is the primary purpose of a metadata vocabulary?
To create new programming languagesTo store large amounts of dataTo describe data in a structured and consistent way To delete unnecessary metadata
Answer: (C) To describe data in a structured and consistent way
Description:
Metadata vocabulary provides standardized terms to describe and organize data for better understanding, retrieval, and interoperability.
18Mar 2025
How do libraries contribute records to WorldCat?
Through the Connexion computer programBy mailing physical copies of their catalogs to OCLCBy using social media platformsBy submitting records directly to Wikipedia
Answer: (A) Through the Connexion computer program
Description:
Libraries contribute records to WorldCat using the Connexion computer program, introduced in 2001, or through tools like WorldShare Record Manager and the WorldCat Metadata API.
17Mar 2025
What is the latest version of the Creative Commons licenses as of 2023?
Version 2.0Version 3.0Version 4.0Version 5.0
Answer: (C) Version 4.0
Description:
The latest version of the Creative Commons licenses is Version 4.0, released in November 2013. It is designed to be globally applicable without requiring jurisdiction-specific ports.
16Mar 2025
What is a data commons?
A proprietary database for commercial useAn interoperable platform for aggregating and sharing dataA government-restricted data repositoryA private cloud storage solution
Answer: (B) An interoperable platform for aggregating and sharing data
Description:
A data commons is an interoperable platform that aggregates data, infrastructure, and applications to enable community-driven data sharing and analysis. It allows multiple users to access, manage, and analyze data collaboratively.
FAIR/O data refers to datasets that comply with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and carry an open license.
14Mar 2025
Which preprint repository is the largest and focuses on mathematics, physics, and computer science?
bioRxivChemRxivmedRxivarXiv
Answer: (D) arXiv
Description:
arXiv is the largest preprint repository, with over 1 million preprints, and focuses on mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, and related fields.
13Mar 2025
Which desktop search engine is based on Apache Lucene and is cross-platform?
BeagleDocFetcherEverythingGoogle Desktop
Answer: (B) DocFetcher
Description:
DocFetcher is an open-source desktop search tool for Windows and Linux, based on Apache Lucene, and is available under the Eclipse Public License.
12Mar 2025
What was the first e-book created by Michael S. Hart in 1971?
The Bible The US Declaration of IndependenceThe Index ThomisticusThe Mechanical Encyclopedia
Answer: (B) The US Declaration of Independence
Description:
Michael S. Hart typed the US Declaration of Independence into a computer in 1971, creating the first e-book and launching Project Gutenberg.
11Mar 2025
What is the role of DataCite Commons in relation to PIDs?
To prevent unauthorized access to DOIsTo generate new DOIs for researchersTo replace ORCID in scholarly communicationTo help users discover and track DOI connections
Answer: (D) To help users discover and track DOI connections
Description:
DataCite Commons allows researchers to explore connections between DOIs and related entities like authors, institutions, and funders, helping in research tracking and discoverability.
10Mar 2025
What is the primary function of an ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier)?
Identifying researchers and linking their outputsIdentifying institutions associated with researchProviding access to restricted research papersStoring research data permanently
Answer: (B) Identifying institutions associated with research
Description:
ISNI is used to provide information about institutions where researchers worked while conducting their research.
09Mar 2025
Which web crawler is used by the Internet Archive?
HeritrixApache NutchGNU Wget HTTrack
Answer: (A) Heritrix
Description:
Heritrix is the Internet Archive's archival-quality crawler, designed for archiving periodic snapshots of the web.
08Mar 2025
Which of the following is a commercial web crawler?
Apache Nutch Diffbot Heritrix GNU Wget
Answer: (B) Diffbot
Description:
Diffbot is a commercial web crawler available as an API for programmatic web crawling.
07Mar 2025
What is ISBNdb.com primarily used for?
Streaming books videos. Providing a database of book information Audiobooks To sell books directly to consumers
Answer: (B) Providing a database of book information
Description:
ISBNdb.com is a large online database that provides detailed information about books, including title, author, ISBN, publisher, and more.
06Mar 2025
What is a key difference between Google Scholar and academic databases like Scopus and Web of Science?
Google Scholar does not index peer-reviewed journals. Google Scholar does not provide citation analysis. Google Scholar does not maintain an API for automated data retrieval. Google Scholar only indexes articles from the sciences.
Answer: (C) Google Scholar does not maintain an API for automated data retrieval.
Description:
Unlike databases like Scopus and Web of Science, Google Scholar does not offer an API for automated data retrieval, limiting its use for large-scale bibliometric analysis.
05Mar 2025
Which of the following is a challenge associated with digital preservation?
The stability of digital storage media The ease of creating digital content The lack of interest in digital content The high cost of analog storage
Answer: (A) The stability of digital storage media
Description:
Digital storage media can degrade or become obsolete, posing a significant challenge to the long-term preservation of digital content.
04Mar 2025
What is the primary goal of the open data movement?
To restrict access to data To make data openly accessible, exploitable, editable, and shareable To monetize data for profit To limit data sharing to government institutions
Answer: (B) To make data openly accessible, exploitable, editable, and shareable
Description:
The open data movement aims to make data freely available to anyone for any purpose, promoting transparency, innovation, and collaboration.
03Mar 2025
Which open access model does not charge either readers or authors?
Gold OA Diamond/Platinum OA Hybrid OA Bronze OA
Answer: (B) Diamond/Platinum OA
Description:
Diamond or Platinum OA journals do not charge readers or authors, often relying on external funding sources like institutions or grants.
02Mar 2025
What is the primary purpose of a Folksonomy?
To create a hierarchical classification of content To limit the ability of users to tag online content To allow users to apply public tags to online items for easier searching To classify content only in the context of academic research
Answer: (C) To allow users to apply public tags to online items for easier searching
Description:
Folksonomy is a user-generated classification system where tags are applied to online content, making it easier to search for and find specific items later, based on the terms users have chosen.
01Mar 2025
What is the primary focus of an ontology in information science?
To analyze the structure of data To represent the relationships between concepts and entities To create taxonomies for databases To build controlled vocabularies for coding languages
Answer: (B) To represent the relationships between concepts and entities
Description:
An ontology in information science is used to represent categories, properties, and relations between concepts, data, or entities. It provides a formal structure that shows how different terms and concepts are related to one another within a specific domain, aiding in problem-solving, interoperability, and data discoverability.
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