What is the primary goal of the Marrakesh Treaty??
To increase the number of books published worldwide
To remove unnecessary copyright barriers for people with print disabilities
To establish international copyright regulations for digital books To encourage commercial publishers to produce more audiobooks
Answer: (B) To remove unnecessary copyright barriers for people with print disabilities
Description:
The Marrakesh Treaty was created to allow individuals with print disabilities to access information more freely by eliminating restrictive copyright laws that prevent them from obtaining books in accessible formats.
30Jan 2025
Which organization launched the Accessible Books Consortium (ABC) in 2014?
World Health Organization (WHO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) International Publishers Association (IPA)
Answer: (C) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Description:
WIPO launched the Accessible Books Consortium (ABC) to help increase the number of books available in accessible formats for people with print disabilities.
29Jan 2025
What is a free license?
A license that restricts modification and distribution
A license that allows copyrighted work to be reused, modified, and redistributed
A license for proprietary software A license that prohibits software sharing
Answer: (B) A license that allows copyrighted work to be reused, modified, and redistributed
Description:
Free licenses allow users to reuse, modify, and share copyrighted work, which would normally be restricted by intellectual property laws.
28Jan 2025
What defines an open file format?
A file format that can only be used by proprietary software
A file format with a publicly available specification, which can be implemented by anyone
A file format that requires a fee for access and implementation A file format that can only be used in specific countries
Answer: (B) A file format with a publicly available specification, which can be implemented by anyone
Description:
An open file format is a file format whose specification is publicly available and can be freely used, modified, and implemented by anyone. It promotes interoperability across different software and platforms, ensuring that files can be accessed and shared without restrictions. Unlike proprietary formats, open formats do not require licenses or impose legal barriers. They are typically maintained by recognized standards organizations or open communities. Examples include PNG, HTML, and OpenDocument. Open formats enable long-term sustainability and flexibility, fostering innovation and compatibility between various applications and systems.
26Jan 2025
When was Mendeley founded, and who acquired it in 2013?
Founded in 2005, acquired by Elsevier
Founded in 2007, acquired by Elsevier
Founded in 2009, acquired by Microsoft Founded in 2010, acquired by Springer
Answer: (B) Founded in 2007, acquired by Elsevier
Description:
Mendeley was founded in November 2007 by PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, and Jan Reichelt. It was later acquired by Elsevier in early 2013 for an estimated €50 million.
FTE stands for Full-Time Equivalent and is a measure used to express the workload of an employee in terms of a full-time worker. FTE is a practical tool for fair pricing and resource allocation, ensuring that libraries pay proportionate costs while providing access to a broad user base.
24Jan 2025
What is arXiv?
A peer-reviewed journal for scientific articles
An open-access repository of electronic preprints and postprints
A social media platform for researchers A university database for academic papers
Answer: (B) An open-access repository of electronic preprints and postprints
Description:
arXiv is an open-access repository that stores electronic preprints and postprints (e-prints) in scientific fields such as mathematics, physics, computer science, and more. It allows researchers to share their work before peer review and publication in journals, providing free access to these scholarly articles worldwide.
23Jan 2025
What is Web of Science, and which of the following is true about its coverage?
A social media platform for researchers; it only indexes journals from English-speaking countries
A journal publishing company; it excludes any non-peer-reviewed content
A paid-access platform providing academic reference and citation data; it provides access to data only from the 21st century A paid-access platform providing academic reference and citation data; it includes both journals and conference proceedings
Answer: (D) A paid-access platform providing academic reference and citation data; it includes both journals and conference proceedings
Description:
Web of Science (WoS) is a paid-access platform that provides access to citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, books, and more. It covers a wide range of scholarly content, enabling researchers to track trends and influence across various academic disciplines.
22Jan 2025
Which service by Ex Libris is a comprehensive library management platform?
Voyager
Alma
Summon RapidILL
Answer: (A) Alma
Description:
Alma is a cloud-based library services platform designed to unify all library operations, including acquisitions, cataloging, resource management, and fulfillment. It integrates seamlessly with Ex Libris solutions like Primo (for resource discovery) and Rapido (for resource sharing), providing a comprehensive and streamlined experience for librarians and patrons alike.
21Jan 2025
What is the primary task that large language models (LLMs) are designed for?
Object detection
Language generation
Image classification Video analysis
Answer: (B) Language generation
Description:
Large Language Models (LLMs) are designed for natural language processing tasks, with a primary focus on language generation. These models excel in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, making them ideal for applications like text summarization, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and question answering. LLMs are trained on vast datasets using deep learning techniques, such as transformers, which help them understand language structures and context. Their performance is driven by the quality and diversity of the training data, enabling them to perform tasks with human-like proficiency. However, they can also inherit biases and inaccuracies from the data they are trained on.
20Jan 2025
Which of the following is not aligned with FAIR principles?
Providing data in proprietary formats without metadata.
Using unique identifiers for datasets.
Requiring authentication to access sensitive data. Storing data with standardized, machine-readable metadata.
Answer: (A) Providing data in proprietary formats without metadata.
Description:
FAIR principles require data to be accompanied by rich metadata and use standard formats to ensure accessibility and interoperability, unlike proprietary formats without metadata.
19Jan 2025
What is a primary role of the World Data System (WDS)?
Offering financial support to data repositories.
Developing generalist repositories only.
Connecting repositories, researchers, and organizations globally to promote FAIR data. Organizing local data curation workshops.
Answer: (C) Connecting repositories, researchers, and organizations globally to promote FAIR data.
Description:
The WDS fosters global collaboration among repositories, researchers, and organizations to enhance FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data through resources, technical roadmaps, and events like SciDataCon.
18Jan 2025
Which service is designed to host open-access journals?
OJAS
Vidwan
e-Acharya ShodhGangotri
Answer: (A) OJAS
Description:
OJAS (Open Journal Access System) promotes open-access publishing by providing a platform for hosting academic journals.
17Jan 2025
With which data solution provider did Taylor & Francis collaborate for the pilot projects to enhance open research practices?
Taylor & Francis collaborated with DataSeer, an AI solutions provider for open science, to enhance data-sharing compliance and analyze open science metrics.
16Jan 2025
What is the primary difference between self-publishing and vanity publishing?
Self-publishing offers authors no creative or business control over their work
Vanity publishers charge authors no fees and offer full marketing support
Self-publishing authors have complete control over the production, design, and distribution of their book Vanity publishers provide extensive distribution to bookstores and online platforms
Answer: (C) Self-publishing authors have complete control over the production, design, and distribution of their book
Description:
The main difference lies in the control authors have over their book. In self-publishing, authors manage every aspect of the process, including production, design, and marketing. Vanity publishers, however, often require authors to pay for publishing services upfront and offer limited marketing or distribution support, making self-publishing a more independent and flexible choice for authors.
15Jan 2025
What is a blook?
A printed book with no online content
A book based on the content of a blog
A blog that is printed on paper A website that converts blogs to books
Answer: (B) A book based on the content of a blog
Description:
A blook is a printed book that is based on content from a blog, turning online posts into physical books.
14Jan 2025
What is Print on Demand (POD)?
A technology where books are printed in bulk
A business process where books are printed only after an order is received
A printing technique used only for art prints A traditional method of printing used by large presses
Answer: (B) A business process where books are printed only after an order is received
Description:
POD is a printing method where books are printed in small quantities or single copies only when an order is received, reducing waste and inventory costs.
13Jan 2025
What is the primary responsibility of website owners regarding user data?
Ensuring user data is collected legally and ethically Optimizing website performance
Avoiding third-party integrations Managing user passwords
Answer: (A) Ensuring user data is collected legally and ethically
Description:
Website owners are held accountable for protecting visitor data and must ensure proper safeguards are in place to comply with regulations.
12Jan 2025
What are the key functions of pixels on a website?
Storing user preferences Tracking user behavior and sending data to a server
Displaying advertisements directly on the website Managing login credentials
Answer: (B) Tracking user behavior and sending data to a server
Description:
Pixels track user behavior, measure conversions, and enable retargeting by sending user data to a third-party server. They do not store data or manage login credentials.
11Jan 2025
Who jointly created the Wayback Machine (https://archive.org)?
Google and Facebook Amazon and Microsoft
Alexa Internet and the Internet Archive The Library of Congress and Amazon
Answer: (C) Alexa Internet and the Internet Archive
Description:
The Wayback Machine was developed as a joint project between Alexa Internet (owned by Amazon) and the Internet Archive.
10Jan 2025
As of September 2024, how many web pages are archived in the Wayback Machine?
145 billion 866 billion 571 billion 1560 billion
Answer: (B) 866 billion
Description:
As of September 5, 2024, the Wayback Machine holds over 866 billion archived web pages.
09Jan 2025
What happens when a serial publication changes its title significantly?
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) remains the same A new International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is assigned The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is updated to match the new title The publication is no longer considered a serial
Answer: (B) A new International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is assigned
Description:
When a serial undergoes a significant title change, it is assigned a new ISSN to reflect the change in identity, ensuring that each version of the serial can be distinctly identified.
08Jan 2025
What is "contract cheating" in the context of plagiarism?
Rewriting a friend's essay without permission Using plagiarism detection software Paying someone to complete academic work Copying and pasting information from the internet
Answer: (C) Paying someone to complete academic work
Description:
Contract cheating refers to hiring someone else to do your academic work, such as purchasing essays from online services.
07Jan 2025
What is the main purpose of OpenID and which companies use it?
To create a unique password for each website, used by Microsoft To let users log in using one account across different websites, used by Google, PayPal, and Microsoft To store passwords securely, used by Google and PayPal To track user behavior on websites, used by Microsoft and Google
Answer: (B) To let users log in using one account across different websites, used by Google, PayPal, and Microsoft
Description:
OpenID https://openid.net/ lets users log in to different websites with a single account. Big companies like Google, PayPal, and Microsoft use it to make logging in easier and more secure.
06Jan 2025
Which authentication protocol is commonly used for Single Sign-On in enterprise environments?
OAuth 2.0 SAML NTLM SMTP
Answer: (B) SAML
Description:
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is commonly used in SSO setups, allowing secure exchange of authentication data between identity providers and service providers, especially in enterprise contexts.
05Jan 2025
Which funding support is provided under ONOS for Article Processing Charges (APCs)?
Rs. 100 Cr per year Rs. 150 Cr per year Rs. 200 Cr per year Rs. 250 Cr per year
Answer: (B) Rs. 150 Cr per year
Description:
A central fund of Rs. 150 Cr per year is allocated under ONOS to support APCs for selected high-quality open-access journals.
04Jan 2025
What is a "Transformative Agreement" (TA) in the context of ONOS?
Agreements that reduce internet costs Agreements to provide free journal access Contracts to eliminate APCs for all authors Bundling reading and publishing costs in one agreement
Answer: (D) Bundling reading and publishing costs in one agreement
Description:
Transformative Agreements combine reading and publishing costs, offering an innovative approach to facilitate open access publishing.
03Jan 2025
What is the main benefit of Rapido service by Ex Libris for libraries?
Reading list management Long-term preservation of digital assets Personalized article recommendations Resource-sharing with fast access to materials
Answer: (D) Resource-sharing with fast access to materials
Description:
Rapido focuses on seamless resource sharing, allowing users quick access to both physical and digital materials, integrated with library workflows. Connects libraries within a consortium to share resources seamlessly. Minimizes manual processing for library staff, enhancing efficiency.
02Jan 2025
Why is Agentic AI considered a breakthrough?
It replaces manual tools completely It integrates creativity with automation It empowers machines to solve problems and make decisions like humans It operates exclusively in smart homes
Answer: (C) It empowers machines to solve problems and make decisions like humans
Description:
Agentic AI represents a leap in AI technology, enabling machines to perform tasks that previously required human intelligence.
01Jan 2025
Which of the following plugins in ChatGPT allows users to automate tasks across different applications?
Expedia Zapier OpenAI Codex Sketchfab
Answer: (B) Zapier
Description:
The Zapier plugin allows users to automate workflows and integrate various third-party apps like Google Sheets, Slack, and more, enhancing productivity.
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